Neem (Azadirachta indica): larvicidal properties - a review

Abstract

Introduction: Disease vector mosquitoes are a public health problems worldwide. However, controlling these insects is a challenge, so natural insecticides are a promising strategy due to their potential and low toxicity. Neem (Azadiractha indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) is a tree that has several bioactive compounds and a wide spectrum of action, including repellency and larvicide. Objective: This review aims to show the use of Neem-based products used against disease vectors. Several articles were analyzed and showed that different derived compounds are being evaluated, such as extracts, oils, neem cake (extraction by-product), in addition to synthesized nanoparticles. Results: Based on the results, we provide a list of compounds evaluated that have shown to be variable in relation to the LC₅₀ values ​​in relation to the three species of mosquitoes (Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti). Conclusion: Prove the medical relevance of this tree in combating these disease vectors.