Aspectos morfológicos do sistema nervoso somático: Uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: The Somatic Nervous System represents one of the divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System and connects target organs such as skin, sensory organs and all skeletal striated muscles to the Central Nervous System. The correct function of this system depends on the right development and the adjusted relationship between its cellular components. Objective: This paper aims to describe the molecular and cellular mechanisms related to the development of the components of the Somatic Nervous System, as well as to demonstrate the histological and anatomical aspects. Methodology: A search for articles was carried out in the PubMed database, considering only studies published in English in the last 18 years (2001-2019). Several descriptors related to the subjects embryology, histology and anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System were used. Results / Discussion: It was described in this paper that the components of the Somatic Nervous System are derived from the neural tube, neural crest and cranial placode. The processes related to cell differentiation and migration, as well as tissue organization involve the expression of several transcription factors that are induced by different molecules, such as proteins and neurotrophins. Conclusion: It is concluded that the molecular processes involved in the formation and organization of the Somatic Nervous System are quite complex. Thus, the information on the morphological aspects described in this paper can help us to understand the events related to malformation, injury and regeneration of its components.