The Relevance of Genetic Factors Associated with Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Abstract

Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is aggressive and heterogeneous, affecting 10-20% of breast cancer cases. Its presence is more common in premenopausal women and those with mutations in the BRCA-1 gene. High infiltration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associated with a favorable prognosis, but the reasons for the discrepancies are still unknown. Objective: To analyze the main genetic aspects related to TILs in TNBC and evaluate their clinical impact. Methodology: The research, using specific descriptors, reviewed 140 articles on the relationship between genetic factors and infiltrating lymphocytes in triple-negative breast cancer. Thirteen articles were selected using the JBI Appraisal Tools. The methodology followed the PRISMA protocol, including descriptive statistical analyses. Results: Breast cancer involves malignant cells in breast tissues. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are crucial in the cancer response and can be enhanced by chemotherapy. Studies highlight the association between TILs and a better response to therapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Stratifying TNBCs into molecular subtypes influences treatment choices. The heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in TNBC suggests personalized therapeutic strategies. Conclusion: Research on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) highlights the complex interconnection between genetic, immunological, and molecular factors. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) play a crucial role, improving the effectiveness of chemotherapy and predicting treatment responses. Deep understanding is crucial to personalize effective treatments in TNBC, with the ongoing need for research for optimal approaches and better patient outcomes.